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Stroke

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  • Stroke
stroke

Stroke

What Is Stroke?

A stroke is a sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain. Most strokes are caused by an abrupt blockage of arteries leading to the brain (ischemic stroke). Other strokes are caused by bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel bursts (haemorrhagic stroke).

The effects of a stroke depend on which part of the brain is injured, and how severely it is injured. Strokes may cause sudden weakness, loss of sensation, or difficulty with speaking, seeing, or walking.

5 Classic Warning Signs of Stroke

  • Weakness or numbness in the face, arm or leg, usually on just one side.
  • Difficulty speaking or understanding language.
  • Decreased or blurred vision in one or both eyes.
  • Unexplained loss of balance or dizziness.
  • Severe headache with no known cause.

Risk Factors For Stroke

Many factors can increase your stroke risk. Potentially treatable stroke risk factors include:

  • Lifestyle risk factors
    • Being overweight or obese
    • Physical inactivity
    • Heavy or binge drinking
    • Use of illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine
  • Medical risk factors
    • High blood pressure
    • Cigarette smoking or secondhand smoke exposure
    • High cholesterol
    • Diabetes
    • Obstructive sleep apnea
    • Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation
    • Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic attack
    • COVID-19 infection

When To See A Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any signs or symptoms of a stroke, even if they seem to come and go or they disappear completely. Think “FAST” and do the following:

  • Face
    • Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
  • Arms
    • Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Or is one arm unable to rise?
  • Speech
    • Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or her speech slurred or strange?
  • Time
    • If you observe any of these signs, call 911 or emergency medical help immediately.

Complications

A stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities, depending on how long the brain lacks blood flow and which part was affected. Complications may include:

  • Paralysis or loss of muscle movement.
  • Difficulty talking or swallowing.
  • Memory loss or thinking difficulties.
  • Emotional problems.
  • Pain.
  • Changes in behaviour and self-care ability.

Prevention

The best way to prevent a stroke is to address the underlying causes. People can achieve this by making changes such as:

  • eating a healthful diet
  • maintaining a moderate weight
  • exercising regularly
  • not smoking
  • avoiding alcohol, or only drinking moderately    
  • controlling their blood pressure levels
  • managing diabetes
  • getting treatment for heart disease

What Physiotherapist Can Offer?

From 24 hours after a stroke, physiotherapists begin rehabilitation in short frequent spells, focused on getting out of bed, standing and walking. This repetitive task training helps people regain movement and relearn everyday activities. Physiotherapists use assistive equipment to enhance stroke rehabilitation.

If and when function does return, physical therapy allows patients to relearn everyday skills and retrain their healthy brain cells to control the affected body parts.

In the early stages, physiotherapy focuses on preventing complications and helping your recovery. Later, it can help you find ways to enable you to do things that are important to you, such as getting in and out of bed, or doing sports. You might use equipment, or find different movements patterns to complete a task. A physiotherapist can also help you adapt an activity or task so you can do it independently.

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Frequently Ask Questions

Can stroke be cured?

The short answer is yes, stroke can be cured but it occurs in two stages. First, doctors administer stroke treatment to stop the “brain attack.” Then, the patient participates in rehabilitation to cure the side effects.

What happens before a stroke?

The warning signs of stroke include: Weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg, usually on one side of the body. Trouble speaking or understanding. Problems with vision, such as dimness or loss of vision in one or both eyes.

What is the number 1 cause of stroke?

High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke and is the main cause for increased risk of stroke among people with diabetes.

Can stress cause a stroke?

There are undeniable links between heart disease, stroke and stress. Stress can cause the heart to work harder, increase blood pressure, and increase sugar and fat levels in the blood. These things, in turn, can increase the risk of clots forming and travelling to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke.

Can brain repair itself after stroke?

The initial recovery following stroke is most likely due to decreased swelling of brain tissue, removal of toxins from the brain, and improvement in the circulation of blood in the brain. Cells damaged, but not beyond repair, will begin to heal and function more normally.

Can a person have a stroke and not know it?

Some people have strokes without realizing it. They’re called silent strokes, and they either have no easy to recognize symptoms, or you don’t remember them. But they do cause permanent damage in your brain. If you’ve had more than one silent stroke, you may have thinking and memory problems.

Can depression cause a stroke?

Many people become depressed after they experience a stroke, but new research shows that depression may actually increase risk of stroke and of dying from that stroke.

Can you live a normal life after a stroke?

After experiencing a stroke, survivors can begin to recover through rehabilitation. However, recovery from stroke is a process that survivors need to continue throughout their lives. Formal stroke rehabilitation is important for survivors to regain their independence and control of body movements and functions.

Can you fully recover from a mild stroke?

Overall, mild stroke recovery usually takes about 3-6 months. Usually, gross motor skills remain unaffected but it’s common to experience difficulty with fine motor skills and balance. Because impairments are smaller than massive stroke, mild stroke survivors have a higher chance of a full recovery.

How do you feel after a stroke?

Common physical conditions after a stroke include: Weakness, paralysis, and problems with balance or coordination. Pain, numbness, or burning and tingling sensations. Fatigue, which may continue after you return home.

What does a physiotherapist do for stroke patients?

From 24 hours after a stroke, physiotherapists begin rehabilitation in short frequent spells, focused on getting out of bed, standing and walking. This repetitive task training helps people regain movement and relearn everyday activities. Physiotherapists use assistive equipment to enhance stroke rehabilitation.

What kind of therapy is needed after a stroke?

If and when function does return, physical therapy allows patients to relearn everyday skills and retrain their healthy brain cells to control the affected body parts. This is part of the various services offered for stroke recovery including occupational therapy, rehabilitation nursing, and speech therapy.

How long is physio after stroke?

In clinical practice, physiotherapy commonly refer to the clinical handbook, which recommends 8 to 12 weeks of physiotherapy in the community (short-term physiotherapy) for people discharged from hospital post-stroke.

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